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UPI Fraud Data — Three Layers, Never Merged

L1 official incidence, L2 regulator advisory activity, and L3 media coverage attention, side by side on one chart — as three distinct series, never combined into a single score.

L1 — Official incidence

RBI/Parliament, by fiscal year. Authoritative, lags 6–12 months.

L2 — Advisory activity

NPCI/RBI/CERT-In circulars & warnings, summed by fiscal year.

L3 — Media coverage

Public news attention, AI-classified. Attention, not incidence.

Official incidence vs. regulator activity vs. media coverage
By fiscal year. L2/L3 are new (Sept 2026 on) — expect activity only in the current, partial year until more history accumulates.
No L2/L3 monthly rollup yet — the nightly aggregation job hasn't produced data for this view. The lines above will populate once it has.
Why these are never added together

L1 counts confirmed fraud incidents. L2 counts regulator communications. L3 counts news articles — one incident can generate several articles, or none. Summing them would produce a number that means nothing; each is kept as its own line so the difference in what they measure stays visible.